cm-level

1.Motherboard

The THz measurement campaign is conducted on a computer motherboard. There are many components on the motherboard, mainly including center processing unit (CPU), graphical processing unit (GPU), memory chips, among others.

Y. Li, G. Wang, G. Song, M. Xu, J. Jiang, and C. Han, “Wideband Channel Measurement and Characterization on a Computer Motherboard”, in Proc. of IEEE Global Communications Conference Workshop(GLOBECOM Workshop), pp.1-6, 2022.

dm-level

2.Near-field

In the measurement, four sides of the channel are all wrapped by absorbing materials. Three cases are measured, i.e., the virtual UPA at Tx consisting of 16×16, 32×32, and 64×64 elements, with element spacing of 0.5 mm. All cases share the same center of UPA, and the Rx is perpendicularly pointing to this center. In terms of the Rayleigh distance, arrays in Case 1, 2, and 3 belong to the far-field region, far-near-field boundary, and the near-field region, respectively. The measurement starts from the element at the left bottom corner, and all elements in the UPA are scanned first horizontally (in the x-axis) and then vertically (in the z-axis). The measuring time for each position is about 2.3 s. However, the measuring time is subject to the motion driven by the displacement platform, which takes about 4 hours to traverse a 64 × 64 UPA.

Y. Wang, S. Sun, and C. Han, “Far- and Near-Field Channel Measurements and Characterization in the Terahertz Band Using a Virtual Antenna Array”, IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 1186-1190, May 2024.

m-level

3.In-vehicle

The measurements are conducted in an in-vehicle scenario, where the Tx 1-2 is fixed on the dashboard and the ceiling in the vehicle. Rx1 is set at the left back seat, representing a typical obstructed line-of-sight (OLoS) scenario where the seats of the vehicle impede direct paths. Rx 2-4 are positioned on the middle back seat, right back seat, and passenger seat of the vehicle, respectively, providing a LoS scenario. Rx5 is placed in the trunk of the vehicle, offering a non-line of-sight (NLoS) scenario, where the direct path is fully blocked.

Z.-T. Fang, Y.-J. Lyu, and C. Han, “Dual-Time-Frequency in-Vehicle Channel Measurement and Modeling in the Terahertz Band”, in Proc. of IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Istanbul, Turkey, Sept 2025

M.-J. Zhu, Y.-J. Lyu, and C. Han, “In-Vehicle Point-Cloud based Ray-Tracing Channel Simulation and Wireless Planning in the Terahertz Band”, in Proc. of IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), Taipei, China, December 2025

4. Data center

The measurement campaign locates in a data center on the second floor of 3G Building in China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT). Plenty of rack servers are placed in the data center, which are divided into ten columns of racks with around 1 m aisles between two columns. Besides, there is a 2.5 m wide corridor in the north direction of all the racks, where two concrete pillars are built.

G. Song, Y. Li, J. Jiang, C. Han, Z. Yu, Y. Du, and Z. Wang, “Channel Measurement and Characterization at 140 GHz in a Wireless Data Center”, in Proc. of IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), pp.1-6, 2022.

10 m-level

5. Meeting room

The meeting room has an area of 10.15 m × 7.9 m and the ceiling height of 5.8 m. In the meeting room, a 4.8 m × 1.9 m desk with a height of 0.77 m is placed in the center, while eight chairs are around the desk. In addition, two televisions are closely placed in front of the north wall. The material of east wall is glass, while the other three are made of lime.

Z. Yu, Y. Chen, G. Wang, W. Gao and C. Han, “Wideband Channel Measurements and Temporal-Spatial Analysis for Terahertz Indoor Communications,” in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), pp. 1-6, 2020.

Y. Chen, Y. Li, C. Han, Z. Yu and G. Wang, “Channel Measurement and Ray-Tracing-Statistical Hybrid Modeling for Low-Terahertz Indoor Communications,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 8163-8176, Dec. 2021.

J. He, Y. Chen, Y. Wang, Z. Yu and C. Han, “Channel Measurement and Path-Loss Characterization for Low-Terahertz Indoor Scenarios,” in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), pp. 1-6, June 2021.

6. Office room

The dimensions of the office room in our channel measurement campaign are 30 m × 20 m, including a hallway and an office area. In the north of the office room, there is a 30-meter-long hallway. In the office area, the space is partitioned by plastic boards into individual personal zones. On each desk, there are two monitors as well as other work-related items.

J. He, Y. Chen, Y. Wang, Z. Yu and C. Han, “Channel Measurement and Path-Loss Characterization for Low-Terahertz Indoor Scenarios,” in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops), pp. 1-6, June 2021.

Y. Chen, C. Han, Z. Yu and G. Wang, “140 GHz Channel Measurement and Characterization in an Office Room,” in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1-6, June 2021.

7. Lab

A. Communication Measurement

The laboratory is in the Longbin Building at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The laboratory can be roughly divided into an office area (the southern half) and an experimental area (the northern half). In the experimental area, there are plenty of experimental tables, shelves, racks, etc., while main objects in the office area are office desks. Moreover, the ceiling of the laboratory is furnished with metal pipes to route the electric power. Furthermore, The length and width of the laboratory are 18.6 m and 18 m, respectively.

Y. Li, Y. Wang, Y. Chen, Z. Yu and C. Han, “Correlation-based Dual-band THz Channel Measurements and Characterization in a Laboratory,” in Proc. Of IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), pp. 1-6, 2024.

B. Sensing Measurement

The indoor laboratory is at Room 235 on the second floor of the Longbin Building in Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The scenario can be divided into four areas, i.e., workshop, equipment area, office area, and empty area. Note that the workshop, equipment area, and office area can be regarded as dense-scatterer areas in the measurements since there are many metallic, plastic, and wooden objects in these areas. In order to reduce interference and measurement uncertainty, our measurement campaign is conducted in the empty area with an “L”-shape route. During the measurements, 28 TRx locations are measured, with 0.5 m distance separation between the adjacent TRx locations. The distance between the TRx location and the wall structure are set to be the same as 1.2 m. The left-side wall features several sockets and switches, while the bottom wall contains two metallic-framed windows.

Z.-T. Fang, Y.-J. Lyu, Z. Yu, and C. Han, “Environment Reconstruction in Terahertz Monostatic Sensing: Joint Millimeter-level Geometry Mapping and Material Identification”, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Electromagnetics, Antennas and Propagation (JSTEAP), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 265-277, Nov 2025

Y.-J. Lyu, Z. Huang, S. Scharwz, and C. Han, “Hybrid Channel Modeling and Environment Reconstruction for Terahertz Monostatic Sensing”, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, to appear, 2025

Y.-J. Lyu, Z. Huang, Z. Yu, and C. Han, “Channel Measurements and Analysis for Terahertz Monostatic Sensing”, in Proc. of European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Stockholm, Sweden, March 2025

Z.-T. Fang, Z. Yu, and C. Han, “Centimeter-level Geometry Reconstruction and Material Identification in 300 GHz Monostatic Sensing”, in Proc. of European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Stockholm, Sweden, March 2025

100 m-level

8. Corridor​

A. Communication Measurement

The corridor is on the second floor of the Longbin Building in Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Both sides of the corridor are furnished with glass walls. To connect pieces of glass together, metal pillars are installed on the glass walls. The separation distance between the consecutive metal pillars is around 1.26 m. Laboratory rooms lie on both sides of the corridor, furnished with wooden doors with width around 0.93 m. Moreover, an around 7 m-long segment of the walls on the southern side is covered with wood. Besides, the concrete walls are on both ends of the corridor.​

Y. Li, Y. Wang, Y. Chen, Z. Yu, and C. Han, “Channel Measurement and Analysis in an Indoor Corridor Scenario at 300 GHz,” in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1–6, Jun. 2022.

B. Sensing Measurement

This scenario is a narrow corridor with a width of 1.9 m. One side of the corridor is constructed with large glass panels supported by multiple small metal pillars, while the opposite side is a polymer wall. Eight TRx locations are placed along the corridor at 1 m intervals and a fixed distance of 1.2 m to the polymer wall, capturing the wave interactions with the polymer, transparent, and metallic materials under quasi-parallel wall alignment.

Y.-J. Lyu, Z. Yuan, H. Wymeersch, and C. Han, “Environment-Aware Channel Measurement and Modeling for Terahertz Monostatic Sensing”, arXiv preprint: 2509.02088, Sept 2025.

 9. Lobby​

The measurement campaign is conducted in the lobby on the ground floor of the Longbin building on the SJTU campus. The major area is the rectangular environment in front of the stairs with more than 500 m2, including a glass revolving gate on the north, four symmetrically distributed pillars in the middle, and one LED screen on the south. Two narrow corridors are extended to the west and east, respectively.

Y. Wang, Y. Li, Y. Chen, Z. Yu, and C. Han, “300 GHz Wideband Channel Measurement and Analysis in a Lobby”, in Proc. of IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), Toronto, Canada, Sept. 2023.

10. L-shaped hallway ​

A. Communication Measurement

The hallway is on the second floor of the Longbin Building in Shanghai Jiao Tong University. The scenario mainly consists of two perpendicular corridors, connected by a corner. The long corridor is 2.97 m wide and 32.53 m long, including two 3 m long extensions at both ends. Indented offices are distributed along the corridor, whose depth is about 0.6 m with doors closed. The other corridor is 7 m wide which extends all the way to the left end.

Y. Wang, Y. Li, Y. Chen, Z. Yu, and C. Han, “0.3 THz Channel Measurement and Analysis in an L-shaped Indoor Hallway,” in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 1–6, Jun. 2022.

B. Sensing Measurement

This scenario is an L-shaped hallway. The scenario features a mix of surface types, including concrete walls, ceramic tile finishes, fire hydrant boxes, and metallic doors, offering diverse reflection characteristics. In this scenario, 21 TRx locations are positioned along a T-shaped measurement route with a uniform spacing of 1 m between adjacent points.

Y.-J. Lyu, Z. Yuan, H. Wymeersch, and C. Han, “Environment-Aware Channel Measurement and Modeling for Terahertz Monostatic Sensing”, arXiv preprint: 2509.02088, Sept 2025.

11. Atrium

The outdoor atrium is on the fourth floor of the Longbin Building in Shanghai Jiao Tong University. In the center area of the atrium, there are many glass desks and metal pillars. Moreover, around the atrium, there are four concrete walls, furnished with glass windows and metal window frames. For the floor of the atrium, it is mostly made with wood, except two small areas furnished with glass. Furthermore, The length and width of the atrium are 34.4 m and 25.6 m, respectively.

Y. Li, Y. Wang, Y. Chen, Z. Yu, and C. Han, “300 GHz Channel Measurement and Characterization in the Atrium of a Building”, in Proc. of European Conference of Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), pp.1-6, 2023.

km-level

12. Street

The measurement campaign is conducted in the outdoor street bounded by Wenbo Building, Longbin Building, and Nanyang Road on the SJTU campus. Specifically, we focus on the L-shaped turning at the crossroad, depicted as the yellow region, with buildings, vehicles, pedestrians, plants, etc. The west street (Street A) is between the west wall of Wenbo Building and a parking area. Vehicles, lamp poles and traffic signs are found along Street A, and one lamp pole is at the southwest corner of Wenbo Building. The other street canyon (Street B) between two buildings is about 22.32 m wide. Plants and a non-automobile parking area are located in the south of Wenbo Building along Street B.

Y. Wang, Y. Li, Y. Chen, Z. Yu, and C. Han, “Terahertz-Band Channel Measurement, Analysis and Modeling for an L-shaped Hallway,” in Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC),pp. 1–6, May. 2023.

13.Picocell

The measurement campaign is conducted on a university street between the Wenbo Building and the Longbin Building at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. On both sides of the street, there are many green areas with trees and bushes, signposts, lamps, as well as parking areas of bicycles. The separation between Wenbo Building and Longbin Bulding is around 22 m.

Y. Li, Y. Wang, Z. Chen, Y. Chen, Z. Yu and C. Han, “Correlation-Based Channel Measurement and Link-Level Analysis for THz Picocells on a University Street,” in Proc. of IEEE 99th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Spring), pp. 1-5, 2024

14.UMa

The measurement campaign is conducted on Nanyangdong Road in the Shanghai Jiao Tong University campus. There are several buildings on both sides of the road, such as the Longbin Building, Wenbo Building, and buildings of the School of Mechanical Engineering, etc. The heights of the surrounding buildings are 10-20m. Evergreen trees are densely planted along the road, with heights of around 5m. To imitate a UMi base station, the Tx is deployed on a horizontal pole and reaches out of a window on the fourth floor in the Longbing Building, achieving a 16.6m height above the ground. Additionally, Rx imitates user equipment with a height of 1.6m, distributed along the Nanyangdong Road. Overall, 24 Rx positions are measured, where 9 of them have clear line-of-sight propagation and the rest are partially obstructed by the foliage alongside the road, leading to the obstructed-LoS case. The Tx-Rx distance ranges from 34m to 410 m.

Y.-B. Li, Y.-Q. Wang, Y.-J. Lyu, Z. Yu, and C. Han, “220 GHz Urban Microcell Channel Measurement and Characterization on a University Campus”, in Proc. of IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) Workshop, Cape Town, South Africa, December 2024